Why turning left is hard to do – the fine art of IndyCar oval engineering

Indycar Racing News

Former Audi and current McLaren engineer Leena Gade explains why setting up IndyCars is an under-appreciated fine art

2023 Indianapolis 500

Oval racing provides a unique challenge for drivers and engineers

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Cars dicing and dancing on the edge, often at over 200mph, with millimetres of mechanical adjustment by drivers or engineers being the difference between the perfect lap and slamming brutally into the wall.

As this weekend’s IndyCar double-header at Iowa will show, the art of oval racing is one of the most specialised in the world, with the symbiotic relationship between drivers and their respective engineers laid bare by the tiniest changes – often making or breaking the day.

Leena Gade, the triple Le Mans-winning race engineer who in 2018 worked for the Sam Schmidt Motorsports IndyCar team, knows just how tricky running ‘in circles’ can be.

Speaking in the latest instalment of Motor Sport’s Engineering the Greats podcast series, Gade says “Anyone that thinks that just turning left is the easiest way of racing is really underestimating what goes into it.”

A wide variety of engineering elements contribute to the challenge of setting up cars for ovals. These include the weight jacker (which shifts weight from one corner of the car to the other), the anti-roll bar sway (which softens or stiffens the suspension) and the amount of stagger, which inclines the car to naturally turn left when the steering wheel is straight.

It was this new challenge of the super speedways which Gade first found so alluring after sports car adventures with Audi and Bentley, joing the Schmidt Peterson team in 2018.

“If you’ve watched the Indy 500, you’ll know why you want to go there – so I wanted to give it a go,” she says.

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IndyCar legend Scott Dixon has previously made the case that oval racing is a unique discipline in itself, and this is something Gade found first time during her time in the States, first at Phoenix and then Indianapolis.

“With oval racing, if you haven’t got any experience in it, you have to learn what kind of changes you make, and then sort of what impact they have,” she explains

“Track racing to some extent is very forgiving. So if you make a toe change, for example, you can be a little bit out and the car is relatively forgiving, the driver can adapt to it quite quickly.

“But with oval racing, if you get that slightly wrong – for example making a change even marginally bigger than 1mm or 2mm – the impact for a driver is huge, and it’s just massive on oval, it’s amplified way more.”

Gade emphasises how sensitive those working on an ovals have to be to the environment they’re working in.

James Hinchcliffe 2018 Indianapolis 500

James Hinchcliffe was eliminated from qualifying for the 2018 Indianapolis 500 while Leena Gade was on his engineering stand

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This was evident earlier this year at IndyCar’s Texas round, when Josef Newgarden appeared fastest in cooler conditions but momentum swung towards Pato O’Ward whenever the sun emerged.

“A lot of oval racing is about what’s coming,” Gade says. “Knowing what ambient changes are coming along, so that you can adapt the car.

“It’s [the car] not always in the [optimum performance] window, it gets into the window at a certain phase of a race or a qualifying session. You’ve almost got to be able to know what to change to make that happen.”

From the archive

Gade also explains how it isn’t just engineers who need to be wary of incremental changes – drivers need to be sensitive to the jeopardy, as one of Schmidt’s drivers learned that year.

Robert Wickens was a rookie coming in. When he had a moment on track, especially on an oval, they would pull him straight in and he’d be like, ‘What did you do that for? I was fine.’

“And they’d say, ‘Yeah, but that was a big moment. You got away with it, but we need to understand why it happened.’”

After years of success at Le Mans, Gade would find the world of IndyCar racing tough to adjust to.

As a precaution with just five races of the season gone, she shadowed a more experienced team member for her first Indy 500, but it ended in disaster anyway, with the driver on her side of the garage, James Hinchcliffe, failing to qualify. Gade left the squad after that race.

It got worse for the team later that year when Wickens was severely injured in a crash at Pocono’s tri-oval, leaving him paralysed from the waist down.

Team Penske’s Will Power

IndyCar heads to Iowa this weekend for more oval action

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After all of this, Gade says her respect for the oval racing discipline is undimmed.

“There’s people who have been doing IndyCar racing for decades, and are still learning and still perfecting what they’re doing,” she says.

“I have the utmost respect for what they do, and not just IndyCar racing, we’re talking about NASCAR too. To have that knowledge pool, that gaining of that information, knowing what to do – it doesn’t just happen, you can’t read a book, you can’t just simulate it.

“That’s not how it works. You have to be there, kind of adapting to it and learning it.”

Engineering the Greats: more from our hit podcast series