Why Zeltweg is the best and worst circuit to ever host an F1 race

F1

Zeltweg Airfield hosted just a single F1 Grand Prix. But as Matt Bishop recalls, it was certainly a memorable one, as it shook the majority of the field out of contention yet rewarded a racing legend with his only F1 win

Ferrari Zeltweg

Lorenzo Bandini scores his only F1 victory at Zeltweg in 1964

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Which is the best circuit ever to have staged a world championship-status Formula 1 grand prix? Zeltweg. And the worst? Zeltweg, too. Confused? OK, let me explain.

There have been 37 world championship-status F1 Austrian Grands Prix, all of them held at Zeltweg, near Spielberg. The most recent 11 of those 37 have been run on the Red Bull Ring, a renamed and spruced up version of the Hermann Tilke-designed A1-Ring, which bastardisation of the mighty Österreichring staged seven Austrian Grands Prix between 1997 and 2003. The previous 18 Austrian Grands Prix were held between 1970 and 1987 at the mighty (I am sorry but there is no better word) Österreichring which — along with, in alphabetical order, Brands Hatch, Clermont-Ferrand, the old Interlagos, the old Kyalami, Monaco, Monza, Mosport, Nürburgring Nordschleife, the old and new Spa-Francorchamps, Suzuka, the old Watkins Glen, and the old Zandvoort — features in my personal list of the baker’s dozen (i.e. 13) best circuits ever to have staged world championship-status F1 grands prix. (OK, if you want me to include circuits that staged world championship-status F1 grands prix only once in a blue moon, indeed only once ever, I am prepared to add, also in alphabetical order, Ain-Diab, Monsanto, Pescara, and Riverside.)

If you have been paying attention, you will have noticed that 11 F1 grands prix at the Red Bull Ring, plus seven F1 grands prix at the A1-Ring, plus 18 F1 grands prix at the Österreichring… add up to 36 F1 grands prix in total. Yet I have written above that there have been 37 world championship-status F1 Austrian Grands Prix, not 36, all of them held at Zeltweg, near Spielberg. So there have. The first was run on August 23, 1964, almost exactly 60 years ago therefore, not on the forested land on which the other 36 have been held, but on a circuit laid out on Zeltweg Airfield, and in my opinion it was the worst ever to have staged a world championship-status F1 grand prix.

If you like, you can blame Silverstone. The first ever world championship-status F1 grand prix was held in May 1950 on the perimeter roads of a Northamptonshire airfield that had done service as RAF Silverstone in World War II. Its 2.889 miles (4.649km) encompassed eight corners — Woodcote, Copse, Maggotts, Becketts, Chapel, Stowe, Club, and Abbey — of which all but Becketts, which was a medium-speed turn in those days, were fast and challenging. During that decade Silverstone established itself as a well-liked co-host of the British Grand Prix, alternating with Aintree from 1955 onwards, and in 1957 a group of Austrian petrolheads decided to give Zeltweg the Silverstone treatment.

Zeltweg 1206 v2
Zeltweg - Circuit

1957 - 1969

Type

Temporary road course

Length

1.988 (Miles)

Fastest Race Lap

Jo Siffert (Porsche 908/8), 1m04.82, 110.412 mph, Sports Cars, 1968

Fastest Qualifying Lap

Jo Siffert (Porsche 908/8), 1m04.86, 110.343 mph, Sports Cars, 1968

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Ferrari Surtees Bandini

Bandini (left) and Surtees (right) side-by-side at Zeltweg in 1964

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The trouble was, the Austrian airfield’s measly 1.981 miles (3.186km) encompassed just four corners, only one of which — Flatschacher — could be described as in any way fast or challenging. The other three — Hangar, Inner, and Südenburg — were all slow and fiddly. Moreover, the track surface was truly, madly, deeply bumpy. Nonetheless, two sports car races were held there in 1957 and 1958, followed by three Formula 2 races in 1959, 1960, and 1961, and a non-championship F1 race in 1963, its purpose to demonstrate to the FIA that the circuit was fit to host a world championship-status F1 grand prix the following year.

It failed in that mission by a margin of shameful proportions. Jack Brabham (Brabham-Climax) won the race by five laps — yes, five! — from Tony Settember (Scirocco-BRM), and only two other drivers were classified finishers: Carel Godin de Beaufort (Porsche), half a lap behind Settember, and Chris Amon (Lola-Climax), a further four laps in arrears of Settember and de Beaufort. All the other cars had been shaken to bits on the bumps. Embarrassingly, the Südenburg hairpin was so tight and so slow that most teams had been forced to fit their cars with new, lower, first gear ratios to get them around it without bogging down. Nonetheless, in its infinite wisdom, the FIA green-lighted a world championship-status F1 Austrian Grand Prix there for 1964.

So what do you think happened? The 1964 Austrian Grand Prix turned out to be a predictably chaotic disaster, that’s what happened, and the FIA was damn’ lucky that no-one was seriously hurt in it. In my opinion Denis ‘DSJ’ Jenkinson was uncharacteristically reserved in his criticisms of the place in his Motor Sport report, for in his intro he described it not as the dangerous hell-hole that it deserved to be branded but instead merely as “dead-flat and rather dull, its surface corrugated in rough and bumpy concrete”.

Jim Clark 1964 Zeltweg

Jim Clark (centre) was among many frustrated drivers

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I do not propose to write a 1964 Austrian Grand Prix report here — you can find DSJ’s in Motor Sport’s superb 100-year archive — but here is a soupçon of the destruction meted out in free practice alone. Jim Clark’s works Lotus-Climax suffered not one but two steering arm breakages, Chris Amon’s privateer Lotus-Climax just the one; Phil Hill’s Cooper-Climax stopped with front suspension failure; the left-front wheel of Richie Ginther’s BRM sheared off; and the left-front suspension upright of Dan Gurney’s Brabham-Climax broke in two. As the weekend wore on, and further car damage was sustained, the teams’ mechanics began to collaborate, lending one another parts and cobbling their disfigured cars together with whatever bits and bobs they could find. Lotus and Brabham ordered a van load of replacement spares to be driven the 900-odd miles (1450km) from the south-east of England to the south-east of Austria, and by race morning DSJ allowed that, even though the day had dawned bright and sunny, “gloom had descended on the place”.

From the archive

‎After just nine of the scheduled 105 laps, three cars had suffered mechanical failures caused by excessive vibration — Amon’s Lotus-Climax (again), Graham Hill’s pole-winning BRM, and John SurteesFerrari, which he had qualified alongside Hill’s BRM on the front row. The Ferrari had ground to a halt with partially collapsed rear suspension; Surtees, always a canny chap, realised that attrition would be high, so he walked briskly back to the pits, collected a jack, a set of spanners, and an armful of spares, walked briskly back to his stricken car, and set about trying to fix it. That he did, and he duly drove it slowly back to the pits. Sadly, his indefatigably competitive endeavours could not be rewarded, for the car was still too damaged to race. By all accounts he was delighted to go home, his journey made all the more pleasurable because he did it at the wheel of a Ferrari 330GT.

Next up, Trevor Taylor’s BRP-BRM suffered a suspension failure, shortly followed by halfshaft breakages for the Lotus-Climaxes of both Clark and Mike Spence. Soon after, Gurney’s leading Brabham-Climax was stopped by — yes, you guessed it — suspension failure, and a few laps after that Jochen Rindt, who was making his F1 grand prix debut, was disappointed but unsurprised to find that his Brabham-BRM’s steering had been shaken awry and was no longer operable. At half-distance only nine of the 20 starters remained, and, of those nine, two, Brabham’s Brabham-Climax and Innes Ireland’s BRP-BRM, had already been lapped by the leaders, having spent time in the pits for running repairs.

Phil Hill had seen the decimation all around and, both astute and wary, he began to sense that his Cooper-Climax was getting loose at the rear. Suspension failure? Yes, sir. As he exited Turn 3, Inner, his car sagged at the back and ran wide, hit the straw bales that marked the outside of the corner, and pirouetted to a stop, hurling its hapless pilot out of the cockpit as it did so. Hill was a bit bruised but otherwise unhurt — and, with hindsight, extremely lucky, for his car suddenly burst into flames. From a safe distance he stood and watched it burn to the ground.

Phil Hill 1964 Austrian Grand Prix

Hill’s Cooper-Climax ablaze at Zeltweg

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In the final quarter of the race a suspension radius arm broke on Mike Hailwood’s Lotus-BRM, but he nursed it back to the pits for repairs. Once they had been effected, out he went again, despite having lost 10 laps. Brabham was still toiling around at the back, too, 29 laps in arrears.

So who won? Here is how DSJ phrased that almost irrelevant detail in his Motor Sport report: “Lorenzo Bandini [Ferrari] was the winner of this strange race that had been characterised by reliability rather than driver ability.” Ginther (BRM) was the only other driver on the winner’s lap, and third, albeit three laps behind, was Bob Anderson, nursing his privateer Brabham-Climax at half-speed lest its already impaired driveshaft break entirely.

From the archive

Despite the circumstances, Bandini was overjoyed. After all, an F1 grand prix win is an F1 grand prix win, and it was his first. It would also be his last. Nonetheless, he was a quick man. He was also from humble origins, charming, and popular with almost everyone. Altogether he raced 42 F1 grands prix, nearly all of them for Ferrari, and, in addition to his victory in Austria in 1964, he scored seven other F1 grand prix podium finishes. He also won the non-championship F1 Mediterranean Grand Prix at Enna-Pergusa in 1962, the Le Mans 24 Hours in 1963, the Targa Florio in 1965, and the Daytona 24 Hours and Monza 1000km in 1967, all in Ferraris.

As far as F1 was concerned, he started 1967 well, racing his Ferrari to a very close second in the season-opening non-championship F1 Race of Champions at Brands Hatch, just 0.4sec behind Dan Gurney’s winning Eagle-Weslake. Next up was Monaco, his favourite circuit. He qualified second, and he led at the start, but he was quickly passed by both Jackie Stewart (BRM) and Denny Hulme (Brabham-Repco). Stewart then stopped with diff trouble, leaving Bandini behind only Hulme.

All was not yet lost, for Bandini soon began to reel Hulme in, and he must have scented victory. He started to push visibly harder, using all the road, shaving the barriers everywhere. On lap 82, with 18 still to go therefore, he clipped the guardrail at the sea-front chicane — then a superfast left-right flick-flick — and his car flew into the straw bales beside the harbour wall. Upside-down, it caught fire, and Bandini could not get out of it. The marshals were slow to react and, when they finally set to, their efforts to douse the blaze were compromised by the arrival of a helicopter carrying TV cameramen, which hovered above them, its rotor blades fanning the flames, amplifying them to a new intensity. The race went on — even though, when no car was passing, the spectators could clearly hear Bandini’s cries for help from within the inferno. Eventually, he was pulled out, but he was burned beyond hope. He was taken to Princess Grace Polyclinic Hospital, where he died three days later. A further three days after that, his funeral, in Reggiolo, Italy, was attended by 100,000 mourners.

Bandini

Lorenzo Bandini (1935-1967)

Grand Prix Photo

I will leave the last word to his widow, Margherita, who posted on her Facebook page the following letter to him, on December 21, 2012, which would have been his 77th birthday. She wrote it in Italian. Here follows an English translation. I must warn you that it is impossible to read with dry eyes.

Caro Lorenzo,

Today, your birthday, you would have been 77 years old. 

So much time has passed since the tragedy of your fire at Monaco. Nonetheless, as you know, I believe ardently in the afterlife, and I am therefore certain that you are reading these words of mine, as well as the comments beneath my words that will be added by friends and admirers, many of whom were not yet born when you left us 45 years ago. Those who remember you do so with enormous affection, admiration, and esteem, and, for that reason, I hope fervently that you appreciate the wonderful legacy that you have left behind you. 

Lorenzo, my love, do you remember that you once told me that you felt you had been born unlucky? With the benefit of hindsight it is hard to contradict you, but let me nonetheless say this. In your 31 years on this Earth you had already become a great man, that greatness exemplified by your modesty, your determination, and your passion for a sport that you loved more than anything else in the world; and, because of all that, you have left behind you, for us, an indelible memory.

So, actually, I would not call you unlucky. Nor, even though I still miss you bitterly, would I call myself unlucky. I am still here, now, aged 74, and I am still able to celebrate the fact that I have cherished the great love of two wonderful men: you and our son. I have known terrible suffering, yes, but also incredible joy, and for that incredible joy I give thanks, daily, to both of you.

Con amore, Margherita