Troubled soul Luigi Musso: 'the only Italian who mattered in GP racing'

F1

Luigi Musso was a fine racing driver. But as Matt Bishop recounts, his F1 career alongside star-studded team-mates was often made turbulent by off-track troubles

Luigi Musso in the Monza pits ahead of 1957 Italian Grand Prix

Musso at Monza in 1957

Grand Prix Photo

On Sunday, while George Russell was apparently winning the Belgian Grand Prix, albeit soon to be disqualified with the result that Lewis Hamilton would inherit the victory, those of you who keep a weather eye on motor sport anniversaries will have noted, and may even have raised a glass in homage to, the centenary of the birth of Luigi Musso.

Born in Rome to a wealthy family two years after Benito Mussolini’s Partito Nazionale Fascista had assumed power in Italy, Musso grew up to become a good horseman, an able fencer, a crack shot, a capable racing driver, but a troubled soul. Over six seasons (1953-58), the first three years in works Maseratis and the next three in Lancias and Ferraris run by Scuderia Ferrari, he started 24 Formula 1 grands prix of world championship status, finishing second five times and first once.

He scored that victory in the 1956 Argentine Grand Prix, his first F1 grand prix for the Scuderia, and he shared it with his team leader, Juan Manuel Fangio, who took over Musso’s Lancia D50 after his own had developed fuel pump problems. In addition, Musso won two non-championship F1 races for Ferrari, the 1957 Grand Prix de Reims in a Lancia D50 and the 1958 Gran Premio di Siracusa in a Ferrari Dino 246, as well as a number of sports car races, including the 1958 Targa Florio, sharing a Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa with Olivier Gendebien, one of the greatest sports car racers of all time.

Olivier Gendebien and Luigi Musso at 1956 24 Hours of Sebring

Gendebien (left) with Musso and Ferrari 860 Monza at Sebring in 1956

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I described Musso as a troubled soul. That he was — especially in the second half of his F1 career, when he was a Ferrari man. In his first Ferrari year, 1956, his team-mates were Fangio, Eugenio Castellotti, and Peter Collins, who were all conspicuously more laid-back than was Musso, especially Fangio, 44, who was by that time serenity personified, and Collins, 24, who was born cool. Fangio won the F1 drivers’ world championship that year, his fourth such triumph, while Collins was third and could have taken the title had he not handed his car to Fangio at Monza, when Fangio’s had broken down; Musso, by contrast, had refused to do so. Castellotti finished fifth in the 1956 F1 drivers’ world championship. Musso missed three races and was classified only 11th.

Nonetheless, having lost Fangio to Maserati, Enzo Ferrari retained Musso for the following season, 1957, in which year his team-mates were Collins again and Mike Hawthorn, returning to the Scuderia after having raced Maseratis, Vanwalls, and BRMs in 1956. Collins and Hawthorn were bosom pals. They called each other ‘mon ami mate’, which chummy salutation Chris Nixon purloined as the title of his excellent but now-hard-to-come-by 1991 biography of the pair, and Musso felt left out. Perhaps he felt even worse than left out, in fact, according to his girlfriend, Fiamma Breschi, for whom he had left his wife and two children, who spoke vituperatively about the two Englishmen many years after the death of her lover. “Hawthorn and Collins were united against Luigi,” she said. “I hated them.”

In 1957, driving his Maserati 250F quite brilliantly, Fangio became world champion again, for the fifth time. Musso performed much better than he had in 1956, finishing third in the F1 drivers’ world championship standings, ahead of his two team-mates and rivals, Hawthorn (fourth) and Collins (ninth). At Reims and Aintree Musso led the Ferrari charge, finishing second in both races, then at Pescara, one of the most daunting and perilous road courses ever to stage an F1 grand prix, Stirling Moss won superbly for Vanwall; but Musso, racing a borrowed Ferrari as a privateer because the Scuderia had boycotted the race, led early on, and he stayed in touch with the flying Moss until his Ferrari’s engine blew; no-one else did.

Musso 1957 Pescara Grand Prix

Musso was the only driver who could keep in touch with Moss at the 1957 Pescara Grand Prix

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In 1958 Musso, Hawthorn and Collins continued as Ferrari drivers, their ranks swelled by the addition of Gendebien, Wolfgang von Trips, and, at the end of the season, Phil Hill. Musso started extremely well, stroking his Ferrari Dino 246 from pole position to an imperious victory in the first F1 race of the year, the non-championship event at Syracuse, Sicily, driving fastest lap for good measure; his was the only Ferrari in the race, and in it he beat the 10 Maseratis, lapping them all, one of them driven by an old girlfriend of his, Maria Teresa de Filippis, who was making her F1 debut.

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In qualifying he told her to follow him for a few laps, during which he would deliberately drive at abated speed so that she could keep up with him and learn the racing lines. It worked: she qualified eighth and finished fifth. But I digress. After five rounds of the F1 world championship, having finished second in both Argentina and Monaco, he lay third in the drivers’ standings, behind only Moss (Vanwall; first) and his Ferrari team-mate Hawthorn (second); Collins had scored points only once, at Monaco, finishing third, 18 seconds behind second-placed Musso.

But, now, the ‘troubled soul’ side of the proud Roman’s character entered the equation again. Despite his having inherited a large sum of money on the death of his father, Giuseppe Musso, who was not only a lawyer and a diplomat but also the founder of a successful film production company, 33-year-old Luigi had fallen heavily into debt, having lost a fortune as a result of a decreasingly controllable gambling addiction and an ill-judged decision to invest in a hare-brained scheme to import American cars to Italy.

It is said that he owed money to the Mafia. The next F1 grand prix was the French, at Reims, heavily sponsored by BP, for which was offered the richest purse of the year, 10 million francs, the equivalent of £9500, which is about £275,000 in today’s money. The winner’s share was five million francs, or around £4250, which equates to £137,500 today. Undoubtedly, the pressure to win the race for Musso was financial as well as sporting.

Luigi-Musso-with-Mike-Hawthorn-and-Ferrari-F1-team-manager-Romolo-Tavoni

Luigi Musso (left) speaks with Mike Hawthorn (middle) and Ferrari F1 team manager Romolo Tavoni (right)

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Hawthorn took the pole; Musso qualified second; Collins started fourth. The next day Hawthorn led, Musso in second place. Pushing as hard as he dared — too hard therefore — on lap 10 he ran wide at Turn 1, the not-quite-flat 155mph (249km/h) Courbe du Calvaire, and he dropped a wheel into a ditch a metre or so beyond the asphalt. It would be fair to say that in the late 1950s Reims was not a circuit on which track limits could be abused. Musso’s car flipped and rolled, and that was that. Hawthorn won the race — and the money that Musso had died trying to chase.

Perhaps — as Breschi, Musso’s girlfriend, would later claim — Hawthorn and Collins had indeed been “united against Luigi”, or perhaps they were simply good friends who sought to help each other from time to time. We will never know. What we do know is what Hawthorn wrote in the book he wrote about 1958, Champion Year, the title unimaginatively but accurately reflecting his going on to win the F1 drivers’ world championship at the end of the season: “I had never known him [Musso] very well, although he was a most likeable person, but he was too conscious of the fact that he was the only Italian driver of note [after the death of Castellotti in 1957]. It made him try too hard. He felt that he must press on for the sake of national honour. Just how the accident happened is a mystery, but it would seem that he went into the corner a shade too quickly, got into trouble, and could not get out of it.”

After the race Ferrari said: “I have won at Reims, but the price is too high, for I have lost the only Italian driver who mattered in grand prix racing.”

Luigi Musso

Hawthorn attributed Musso’s death to fighting for “national honour”

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Two weeks later, at Silverstone, Collins won from Hawthorn, the ‘mon ami mates’ delivering a Ferrari 1-2. A fortnight after that, at Nürburgring, Collins strayed off the racing line on the fast and bumpy Pflanzgarten section; he dropped a wheel into a ditch, just as Musso had done at Reims only a month before, and his Ferrari was launched into the air and landed upside-down. He succumbed to his injuries at a hospital in Bonn early that evening.

Five months after that, driving his Mk1 Jag too fast on a notoriously dangerous section of the Guildford bypass made slippery by recent rain, Hawthorn lost control, crashed, and was also killed. Yes, it was F1, but not as we now know it, thank god.

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