MPH: Why Suzuka will be moment of truth for Ferrari and Mercedes

F1

Ferrari said it would have challenged for victory in Melbourne even if Max Verstappen hadn't retired; Mercedes has identified its weak spot. Mark Hughes says that Suzuka will reveal if either team can hope to challenge Red Bull throughout 2024

Ferrari and Mercedes behind Red Bull in 2024 F1 Bahrain Grand Prix

In pursuit of Red Bull: will Ferrari or Mercedes reveal a breakthrough at the Japanese GP

Jakub Porzycki/Anadolu via Getty

Mark Hughes

Melbourne last weekend gave us a valuable third race’s-worth of data in evaluating the patterns of performance between the teams.

The Red Bull/Ferrari Comparison

We found out that in races where graining is the main limitation of the tyres – and not thermal degradation as was the case in Bahrain – the Ferrari is much more competitive with the Red Bull.

Back in Bahrain, Carlos Sainz had observed, “[Red Bull’s] deg on the hard was about the same as ours on the medium.” In Jeddah, the tyres could be raced hard and the only tyre differentiator was how quickly they could be brought up to temperature, with Charles Leclerc observing there that, “There was no deg really. The only difference was that [Red Bull] could get the temperature quicker than us. If you look, you see that’s where they made the gap and after that I was able to keep it constant.”

In Albert Park, it was different again: graining of both front and rear tyres on all three compounds. In this challenge, Ferrari actually looked marginally better than Red Bull (which had suffered a messy Friday and lost valuable set up laps as a consequence, mainly, of Max Verstappen damaging his car over the Turn 10 kerbs in FP1).

Overhead view of Carlos Sainz in 2024 f1 Australian GP

Ferrari’s “huge step” on tyre wear was evident in Australia

Ferrari

Graining tends to occur with a combination of a smooth track surface, without much granular imperfection of the tarmac for the tread to grab hold of, relatively low lateral loads and long tyre-cooling straights. The structure of the tyre doesn’t get much of a work out and remains relatively cool and inelastic and so the tread does not get the usual support from the sidewalls bending. Instead it gets dragged across the track surface and tears itself. This increases the wear massively and that becomes the limitation in how hard the driver can push.

Being in front in clear air is massively helpful in enabling the driver to control the graining. So being competitive enough to run in the lead will tend to flatter how well the car looks after the tyres when graining is the limitation. Sainz had put himself in position to do this, helped of course by Verstappen’s retirement.

“We’ve made a huge step on this,” confirmed Frederic Vasseur when comparing to last year’s car. “I think it’s more on the consistency between the two compounds or between one stint and the other, the car is much easier to drive, much easier to read – also for the drivers. And, by the way, much easier to develop. That’s probably the biggest step that we did, to have something that we can… not easily manage, but at least to have a good read of the car quite early into the weekend.

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“I’m not sure we can say the tyre management was the main focus of the development of this car. What is true is that last year the main issue was the fact that the car was very difficult to drive and then into the race if you have to do a step you are doing mistakes, damaging the tyres, and then it’s kind of a negative spiral. This year it’s much easier to read, to know where is the limit and to stay just a bit below. And when you have to do tyre management it’s much, much easier and they are much more under control than they were last year when they were a bit more in survival mode. Doing this, you are killing the tyres quite quickly.”

That said, even last year’s Ferrari looked pretty good when graining was the limitation. This was the case at Las Vegas where Leclerc only lost the opportunity of defeating Verstappen through the timing of a safety car. This car has retained the good front mechanical grip in slow corners, which is surely part of that trait. But it has added better aerodynamic balance in the faster corners.

In Suzuka next weekend it’s all going to be about rear thermal degradation, as in Bahrain. The Esses – fast, long and with no respite between each turn in the sequence – are the dominant factor. Performance through there largely determines tyre degradation. If you lack downforce the roughness of the asphalt will usually ensure you’ll be damaging the rears. As soon as they are too hot, they lose the performance forever, lap by lap, regardless of how much tread they have left. Suzuka is one of those tracks where the tyre can be completely useless despite still having most of its tread. It’s all about how the car can control those temperatures. As such, we might expect Red Bull to return to the fore. It will be a stern test for Ferrari – and should therefore give us a yet-more refined read on the competitive state of play between the two main contenders in the year ahead.

Mercedes’ woes continue

Mercedes was as uncompetitive in Australia as it had been in Jeddah. But for different reasons. In Saudi, it was all about how much time was lost in a particular sequence of fast corners to aerodynamic bouncing. In Melbourne the time loss was in the slow corners. But only in certain conditions, as tech director James Allison conceded after seeing the car be very competitive in FP3 and nowhere in qualifying: “We are starting to see a pattern with the car,” he said. “We have a period in the weekend where we’re feeling good about the car but then in the paying sessions in qualifying and race it slips through our fingers. The strongest correlation we can make at the moment is that when the day is warm and therefore the tyre temperature is coming up with the track temperature, that’s when the competitiveness drops. The times we’ve been good have all been in the sessions which are the coolest. That gives us some clues about what we need to do moving forwards.

Mercedes of Lewis Hamilton in 2024 F1 Australian GP

Slow corners hampered Mercedes at Albert Park

LAT via Mercedes

“We need to move the temperature range and the temperature balance front to rear more in our favour. But if you conclude that having exhausted the degrees of freedom that you have available to you in set-up terms that you still need to go further, then it gets harder because that will be underlying characteristics in, say, the aerodynamic map or suspension characteristics that is aggravating a particular feature. [The fix] can be either quick and dirty or a little more involved and complicated.”

Suzuka next weekend will likely be when we find which it is.