MPH: Perez victory that unlocked Verstappen's devastating F1 pace

F1

Rewind to Baku, and Sergio Perez was the faster Red Bull driver, with hopes of an F1 championship run. But that win actually ended Perez's hopes by being the catalyst for Max Verstappen's domination, explains Mark Hughes

Sergio Perez celebrates as Max Verstappen claps behind him on 2023 Azerbaijan GP podium

Prez celebrates in Baku, but Verstappen ultimately gained more from the Azerbaijan GP

Getty via Red Bull

Mark Hughes

After winning last week’s Dutch Grand Prix Max Verstappen was asked why his advantage over Red Bull team-mate Sergio Perez was so much bigger now than in the early part of the season. He’d found a different way to drive the car, he replied.

“I think I learned a lot from the race in Baku, how to do some things with the car, how to set it up. Of course, I didn’t win that race in Baku but actually I really tried a lot of stuff and different tools in the car. That’s why throughout the race it was a little bit inconsistent, but at one point, I got into a good rhythm with what I found. But then I damaged my tyres a bit too much. But it was like ‘OK, that’s quite interesting for the next races’. And I basically implemented that and it has helped me on every track.”

It was something he mentioned at the time. He said after the race, in which he’d finished second to Perez, that he only found the sweet spot of settings about 10 laps from the end of the race, by which time his tyres were too far gone to relaunch his attack on Perez.

“We have different tyres this year and I think this has made a difference in how to get the best from the car,” he’d said back then. “I think I’m operating the tools a little differently to Checo and maybe I didn’t have it right for these new tyres. Some weekends you don’t have to touch the car and it’s a rocket ship. Well, we still have a rocket ship but I didn’t get the best from it here.”

Red Bull of Max Verstappen cornering in 2023 Azerbaijan Grand Prix

Verstappen struggled to adapt his technique to new Pirelli front tyre and Baku layout

Getty via Red Bull

The front Pirelli, a new more powerful construction for ’23, seemed to have upset the delicate way Verstappen had found of balancing his pace with taking care of his tyres. This strikes at the very heart of Verstappen’s speed. The way he manipulates the brakes against the steering on corner entry to give him the very quick rotation but without that inducing a time-consuming slide at the rear is where the magic is.

So he is using the outside front tyre almost as a pivot around which to change the car’s direction, using variation of pressure on the brake pedal to control the initial yaw and subsequently making necessary inputs on steering and throttle to keep the rear from getting too unruly. It’s an incredibly delicately-balanced and dynamic dance and he’s brilliant at it.

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Put into that equation a more powerful front tyre and it can be imagined how it will require something of an adjustment. In certain key corners at Baku, that loading up of the outer front was potentially too powerful (thereby overheating the rear tyres). But when he used the tools on his steering wheel (brake bias, differential, engine braking torque map, offset from corner to corner of the brake bias) to tame that, he got mid-corner understeer. The fronts would then get too hot and no longer give him the support needed to help rotate the car. He was in a constant struggle trading off one problem against the other, his engineer suggesting many different combinations of the tools to help him, but with the perfect combination proving elusive.

Ordinarily, this might have been just dismissed as an inherent trait of the car on this track. If he was at the front and pulling away, that’s how it would have seemed. But he wasn’t. He was chasing Perez and not catching. Every time he closed up a little, the tyres would overheat, either front or rear, but mainly rear. Perez has a much simpler driving style; he simply lives with a little bit of understeer on entry then uses his very delicate throttle foot to optimise traction from apex to exit. So confident is he in driving like this he can shave the walls super-close without giving it a thought. It’s a key to his speed on street tracks. But whereas Verstappen is attacking the corner on entry and then trying to tame the consequences on exit, Perez is less aggressive on entry and is then pushing against the rear on exit with his right foot, trying to make up on exit what he’s lost on entry to the slower rotation. Verstappen’s way is invariably faster, but you need his feel and sensitivity to do it. And around Baku Perez’s way was giving the tyres an easier time. The rears were not getting the sudden spike loadings that Verstappen’s were and that was proving crucial.

Red Bull of Sergio Perez cornering in 2023 Azerbaijan Grand Prix

Perez’s confidence on street circuits gave him superior speed in Baku

Getty via Red Bull

This comparison in styles has held true ever since they were paired in ’21 and wasn’t a new thing. All that was new was how the more powerful front Pirelli had changed the set-up code required to fully exploit Verstappen’s style – and this had gone unnoticed in the blizzard of success early-season but in Baku was being exposed for the first time by Perez’s speed relative to his. Yes, Checo had won in Jeddah too but that could be dismissed simply as a result of Verstappen’s qualifying mechanical problem which had left him starting way down the grid. But this was genuine performance and Perez was quicker.

So Verstappen was trying a higher torque map, using the greater engine braking to help rotate the car. But that was losing him time under braking to Perez. So he’d then come back down on that. But as he adapted his braking technique, his engineer Gianpiero Lambiase (aka GP) could see that this might then allow him to go up on the torque map once more. He could use it like this in the three problem corners and have it offset from that in the others, thereby giving a better combination over the lap.

That combination was a positive one, though it involved giving the outer front tyre a rest every now and again as its responsiveness would decrease as it became hotter. Then the rear temperatures would creep up. That window between good initial rotation and good control of the rear tyre slip was proving incredibly narrow, but together Verstappen and Lambiase were refining it through the race. They weren’t going to catch Perez who seemed to have an answer to whatever they threw at him, but they were learning some valuable lessons. Now that he was running a very aggressive entry set up, GP suggested, there was a tool he could use to help with the exit consequences of that. “Display 5, position 9,” he suggested.

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That was the final cracking of the code. But there were only eight laps left, Perez was too far ahead and Max’s rear tyres were almost out of life. That was it – a new level of Verstappen performance potentially unlocked for the season. Ironically, Perez’s Baku performance had inadvertently played a crucial part in Max even realising it was there to be had.

“I think it’s actually given us a better understanding of the car,” he said afterwards. “Street circuits bring out these things better than a normal race track, which can mask it a bit, I think.”

“It’s certainly something to do with his balance,” said Perez at Monza yesterday. “To do with how he’s driving the car and looking after the tyres. Something that he found, and he’s been operating in that balance-wise, and he was able to cope with it already in Baku.”

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